Dermatologists’ perceptions of suicidality in dermatological practice: a survey of prevalence estimates and attitudes in Austria

Table 4 Results of Inferential Statistical Tests

Hyp.	Test statistic	Effect size		Conclusion
		Value	Magnitude^a
H_1a	J-T(3) = 72^††	d = 2.09	very large	Private specialists have fewer clients than contract physicians.
H_1b	J-T(3) = 538.5^††	d = 3.02	very large	Private specialists on average spend more time with their patients than contract physicians do.
H_1c	J-T(3) = 332 χ²(2) = 5.04			No difference between contract and private doctors in telling their patients that additional psychological treatments could be helpful.
H_1d	J-T(3) = 363.5* χ²(2) = 3.70	d = 0.55	medium	Private specialists ask their patients more often about their emotional state.
H_2a	U = 210			No difference between male and female doctors in telling their patients that additional psychological treatments could be helpful.
H_2b	U = 129.5^††	d = 0.85	large	Female doctors ask patients more often about their emotional state.
H_3a	χ²(3) = 6.34 J-T(4) = 323.5			Length of work experience does not have an influence on how often doctors tell their patients that additional psychological treatments could be helpful.
H_3b	χ²(3) = 4.67 J-T(4) = 312			Length of work experience does not have an influence on how often doctors ask patients about their emotional state.
H_4a	U = 94.5^†	d = 0.78	large	Doctors with psychological background tell patients more often that additional psychological treatments could be helpful.
H_4b	U = 122*	d = 0.53	medium	Doctors with psychological background ask patients more often about their emotional state.

Note. Hyp. Hypotheses; J-T Jonckheere-Terpstra test statistic; χ² = Kruskal-Wallis H test statistic; U = Mann-Whitney U test statistic; d = Cohen’s d effect size (computed with an effect-size calculator for nonparametric statistical tests, (available online [44])
*p < 0.05 one-tailed; **p < 0.01 one-tailed; ^†p < 0.05 two-tailed; ^††p < 0.01 two-tailed
^aMagnitude interpretation [45]: “small” d ≈ 0.20; “medium” d ≈ 0.50; “large” d ≈ 0.80

ISSN: 1471-5945